Abu Rayhon Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Beruniy, born on September 4, 973, in the ancient capital of Khwarazm, the city of Kath, emerges as a luminary figure deeply rooted in the history of Uzbekistan. The birthplace of Abu Rayhon Beruniy, the historic city of Kath, aligns perfectly with the modern-day district of Beruniy in Uzbekistan. This geographical connection underscores the significance of this region in nurturing the brilliance of one of the greatest minds in human history. His contributions spanned various disciplines, and his influence extended far beyond the borders of Uzbekistan.However, despite his unquestionable contributions, some contemporary historians erroneously attempt to place him as a representative of other cultures. This, however, is contrary to historical facts.
Beruniy, orphaned at a young age, displayed exceptional intellectual prowess. Raised in the grand palaces of Kath and Kourgon, he later resided in the court of Sultan Mahmud in the city of Ma’mun, where he spearheaded an academy that brought together renowned scholars. His travels alongside Sultan Mahmud to India broadened his horizons, contributing to his rich knowledge base.
Abu Rayhon Beruniy was a polymath, excelling in diverse fields such as history, geography, philology, astronomy, mathematics, geodesy, and mineralogy. His seminal work, «Chronology of Ancient Nations,» stands as a comprehensive survey of various civilizations, offering insights into their systems and structures. Beruniy’s astronomical treatise, «The Book of Instructions in the Elements of the Art of Astrology,» encapsulates his groundbreaking astronomical research.
Beruniy’s extensive travels to India resulted in the monumental work, «The Determination of the Coordinates of Cities,» revealing his meticulous astronomical observations. His masterpiece, «Kitab al-Qanun al-Mas’udi,» became a foundational text in astronomy, illustrating the laws governing celestial bodies. Beruniy’s investigations into the position of celestial bodies, the length of solar and lunar years, and the Earth’s rotation showcased his profound understanding of the cosmos.
Beruniy’s scholarly legacy spans more than 150 treatises, encompassing fields like mathematics, astronomy, and philosophy. His work went beyond national boundaries, as evidenced by his translations of Sanskrit texts into Arabic, including works like «Sangzi,» «Yogasutra,» and «Patanjal.» His commitment to unraveling the mysteries of astronomy and geography significantly influenced global scientific thought, challenging prevailing notions and contributing to the development of new paradigms.
Abu Rayhon Beruniy’s brilliance transcends time, and his legacy stands as a testament to the intellectual richness of Uzbekistan. Born in the heart of Khwarazm, Beruniy’s contributions to astronomy, mathematics, and philosophy continue to inspire scholars worldwide. His work not only advanced scientific understanding but also fostered a spirit of curiosity and exploration that resonates through the ages. Beruniy’s legacy remains a source of pride for Uzbekistan, and his impact on the world of knowledge endures as a beacon of enlightenment.
In homage to this exceptional thinker, the city of Beruniy is home to the grand mausoleum and museum dedicated to Abu Rayhon Beruniy. These monuments stand as symbolic tributes to the vast contributions of this intellectual giant. Visitors to the site are immersed in Beruniy’s life and works, gaining insight into the profound impact he had on various fields.
The year 2023 marked the 1050th anniversary of Abu Rayhon Beruniy’s birth. In honor of this milestone, Uzbekistan organized a series of prestigious international scientific conferences, underscoring the enduring relevance of Beruniy’s teachings. The events were not confined to Beruniy city alone; they extended to cities like Urganch, Bukhara, Samarkand, Tashkent, Fergana, and beyond.
Uzbekistan’s efforts to commemorate Abu Rayhon Beruniy on the international stage have not gone unnoticed. The event under the auspices of UNESCO held in various countries outside Uzbekistan have solidified Beruniy’s place as a global intellectual treasure. These conferences and celebrations have brought together scholars, scientists, and enthusiasts from around the world to explore and appreciate Beruniy’s multifaceted contributions.
Abu Rayhon Beruniy’s influence extends far beyond the borders of Uzbekistan. The international scientific symposiums dedicated to his legacy exemplify the global recognition of his profound impact on fields such as astronomy, mathematics, geography, history, and linguistics. Beruniy’s works have left an indelible mark on the collective human understanding of the world, fostering a spirit of intellectual curiosity that transcends geographical boundaries.
Abu Rayhon Beruniy’s legacy is a testament to Uzbekistan’s rich cultural and intellectual heritage. As the birthplace of this eminent scholar, Uzbekistan rightfully takes pride in preserving and promoting Beruniy’s contributions to humanity. The global recognition through UNESCO prompted events highlights the enduring relevance of Beruniy’s teachings, ensuring that his legacy continues to inspire generations worldwide.
In some instances, modern historians have inaccurately associated Abu Rayhon Beruniy with different cultural backgrounds, attempting to claim him as a representative of other nations. Such assertions not only misrepresent his heritage but also defy historical truths. Beruniy’s birth in Kath and his profound connection to Uzbekistan form an integral part of his identity, and attempts to appropriate him into different narratives are unfounded.
Abu Rayhon Beruniy’s legacy is a source of pride for Uzbekistan, and any attempts to misappropriate his identity should be addressed with historical accuracy. As a beacon of intellectual enlightenment, Beruniy’s contributions are firmly rooted in the context of his birthplace, challenging any assertions that seek to detach him from his Uzbek heritage. By acknowledging and celebrating his true origins, we ensure that Beruniy’s legacy continues to inspire generations within the rightful historical and cultural framework.
Dr. Beruniy Alimov,
Director of New Media Education Center NGO
London Post,
January 10, 2024.
Abu Rayhon Beruniy: O’zbekistonning intellektual gavhari
Abu Rayhon Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Beruniy 973-yil 4-sentabrda Xorazmning qadimiy poytaxti Kat shahrida tavallud topgan boʻlib, u Oʻzbekiston tarixida chuqur ildizga ega bo’lgan ulug’ olim sifatida maydonga chiqadi. Abu Rayhon Beruniyning tug‘ilgan joyi, tarixiy Kat shahri O‘zbekistonning hozirgi Beruniy tumani bilan aynan mos keladi. Ushbu geografik aloqa insoniyat tarixidagi eng buyuk aqllardan birining yorqinligini tarbiyalashda mazkur o’lkaning ahamiyatini ta’kidlaydi. Olimning xizmatlari turli fanlarni qamrab olgan va uning ta’siri O’zbekiston sarhadlaridan ancha uzoqqa cho’zilgan. Biroq, Beruniyning jahon faniga qo’shgan shubhasiz hissasiga qaramay, ba’zi zamonaviy tarixchilar uni noto’g’ri, ataylab boshqa madaniyatlar vakili sifatida joylashtirishga harakat qilishadi. Biroq, bu tarixiy faktlarga ziddir.
Yoshligida ota-onadan yetim qolgan Beruniy beqiyos aqliy jasorat ko‘rsatdi. Kat va Qoʻrgʻondagi muhtasham saroylarda oʻsgan, keyinchalik Maʼmun shahridagi Sulton Mahmud saroyida istiqomat qilgan va u yerda taniqli olimlarni jamlagan akademiyaga rahbarlik qilgan. Sulton Mahmud bilan birga Hindistonga qilgan sayohatlari uning dunyoqarashini kengaytirib, boy bilim bazasiga sezilarli hissa qo‘shgan.
Abu Rayhon Beruniy tarix, geografiya, filologiya, astronomiya, matematika, geodeziya, mineralogiya kabi turli sohalarda a’lo darajadagi bilimdon bo‘lgan. Uning «Qadimgi xalqlar xronologiyasi (“Qadimgi xalqlardan qolgan yodgorliklar”)» nomli asosiy asari turli tsivilizatsiyalarning keng qamrovli tadqiqoti bo’lib, ularning tizimlari va tuzilmalari haqida batafsil tushuncha beradi. Beruniyning “Munajjimlik san’atidan boshlang’ich tushunchalar” nomli astronomik risolasida esa olimning ayni sohadagi izlanishlari jamlangan.
Beruniyning Hindistonga qilgan keng ko‘lamli sayohatlari natijasida “Shaharlarning geografik koordinatalari uzunlama va kenglamalarini aniqlash” nomli monumental asari uning sinchkovlik bilan astronomik kuzatishlarini ochib beradi. Olimning “Kitob al-qonun al-Mas’udiy” nomli shoh asari osmon jismlarini boshqaradigan qonunlarni tasvirlovchi astronomiyaning asosiy matniga aylandi. Beruniyning samoviy jismlarning joylashuvi, Quyosh va Oy yillarining uzunligi, Yerning aylanishi haqidagi tadqiqotlari uning koinotni chuqur anglaganligini ko‘rsatadi.
Beruniyning ilmiy merosi matematika, astronomiya, falsafa kabi sohalarni o‘z ichiga olgan 150 dan ortiq risolalarni qamrab oladi. Olimning ilmiy ishlari milliy chegaralardan tashqariga chiqadi, buni sanskrit matnlarini arab tiliga tarjima qilgan, jumladan, «Sangzi», «Yogasutra» va «Patanjal» kabi asarlari tasdiqlaydi. Beruniyning astronomiya va geografiya sirlarini ochishga intilishi jahon ilmiy tafakkuriga sezilarli ta’sir ko’rsatdi, hukmron tushunchalarga qarshi chiqdi va yangi paradigmalarning rivojlanishiga hissa qo’shdi.
Abu Rayhon Beruniyning zabardastligi zamonlardan zamonlarga oshib, uning merosi bugungi O‘zbekistonning intellektual boyligidan dalolat beradi. Xorazm bag‘rida tavallud topgan Beruniyning astronomiya, matematika va falsafaga qo‘shgan hissasi jahon olimlarini ilhomlantirishda davom etmoqda. Uning ishi nafaqat ilmiy tushunchalarni rivojlantirdi, balki asrlar davomida aks-sado beradigan qiziquvchanlik va izlanish ruhini ham oshirdi. Beruniy merosi O‘zbekiston uchun faxr va iftixor manbai bo‘lib, uning ilm olamiga ta’siri ma’rifat chirog‘i sifatida davom etmoqda.
Hozirgi Beruniy shahrida bu ajoyib mutafakkirga ehtirom sifatida Abu Rayhon Beruniyga bag‘ishlangan ulug‘ maqbara va muzey barpo etilgan. Ushbu yodgorliklar ushbu intellektual gigantning ulkan hissasiga ramziy hurmat sifatida turibdi. Hududga tashrif buyurganlar Beruniy hayoti va ijodi bilan chuqurroq tanishib, uning turli ilmiy sohalarga qilgan chuqur ta’siri haqida tushunchaga ega bo‘lishadi.
2023-yilda Abu Rayhon Beruniy tavalludining 1050 yilligi nishonlandi. Ushbu muhim voqea munosabati bilan O‘zbekistonda bir qator nufuzli xalqaro ilmiy anjumanlar tashkil etilib, Beruniy ta’limotining tarixiy va doimiy dolzarbligi ta’kidlandi. Voqealar faqat Beruniy shahri bilan chegaralanib qolmadi; ular Urganch, Buxoro, Samarqand, Toshkent, Fargʻona va boshqa shaharlarga ham tarqaldi.
O‘zbekistonning Abu Rayhon Beruniy xotirasini xalqaro maydonda nishonlash borasidagi sa’y-harakatlari befarq qolmadi. YuNESKO shafeligida O‘zbekistondan tashqari turli mamlakatlarda ham o‘tkazilgan qator tadbirlar Beruniyning jahon intellektual xazinasi sifatidagi o‘rnini mustahkamladi. Ushbu anjumanlar va bayramlar Beruniyning ko‘p qirrali xizmatlarini o‘rganish va baholash uchun dunyoning turli burchaklari faoliyat yuritayotgan olimlar, ekspertlar va qiziquvchilarni bir mavzu atrofida to‘pladi.
Abu Rayhon Beruniyning dunyo faniga taʼsiri Oʻzbekiston chegaralaridan ham ancha uzoqlarga choʻzilgan. Uning merosiga bag’ishlangan xalqaro ilmiy simpoziumlar olimning astronomiya, matematika, geografiya, tarix va tilshunoslik kabi sohalarga chuqur ta’siri butun dunyoda e’tirof etilganiga misoldir. Beruniy asarlari insoniyatning dunyoni jamoaviy idrok etishida o‘chmas iz qoldirdi, geografik chegaralardan oshib ketadigan intellektual qiziquvchanlik ruhini tarbiyaladi.
Abu Rayhon Beruniy merosi O‘zbekistonning boy madaniy va intellektual merosidan dalolatdir. O‘zbekiston bu buyuk allomaning vatani sifatida Beruniyning insoniyatga qo‘shgan hissalarini asrab-avaylash va targ‘ib qilishdan haqli ravishda faxrlanadi. YuNESKO tomonidan o‘tkazilayotgan tadbirlar orqali jahon miqyosida e’tirof etilishi Beruniy ta’limotining doimiy dolzarbligini ta’kidlab, uning merosi butun dunyo bo‘ylab avlodlarni ilhomlantirishda davom etishini ta’minlaydi.
Ayrim hollarda zamonaviy tarixchilar Abu Rayhon Beruniyni turli madaniyatlar bilan bog‘lab, uni boshqa xalqlar vakili deb ko‘rsatishga urinishadi. Bunday da’volar nafaqat uning merosini noto’g’ri ko’rsatadi, balki tarixiy haqiqatni ham rad etadi. Beruniyning Katda tug‘ilishi, O‘zbekiston bilan chuqur aloqadorligi uning shaxsiyatining ajralmas qismini tashkil etadi hamda uni turli rivoyatlar, to’qimalarga ulash bilan bog’liq urinishlar mutlaqo asossizdir.
Abu Rayhon Beruniy merosi O‘zbekiston uchun g‘urur manbai bo‘lib, uning shaxsini o‘zlashtirishga qaratilgan har qanday harakatlarga tarixiy aniqlik bilan yondashish kerak. Intellektual ma’rifat yo‘li sifatida Beruniyning buyuk hissasi uning tug‘ilgan joyi kontekstidan mustahkam o‘rin olgan va uni o‘zbek merosidan ajratishga qaratilgan har qanday da’volarga qarshi turadi. Uning asl kelib chiqishini e’tirof etish va nishonlash orqali biz Beruniy merosi munosib tarixiy va madaniy doirada avlodlarni ilhomlantirishda davom etishini ta’minlashda davom etamiz.
Dr. Beruniy Alimov
“Yangi media ta’lim markazi” NNT direkori
London Post, 10-yanvar, 2024.
